These are examples of Functions.
You opened this page and oh my goodness, all those pop-up boxes! You thought they would never, ever end, didn't you! Then you finally get to this page and low and behold, 2 more boxes! So you're asking yourself, "Now what the heck was that?". Simple really, the first set were windows alert functions that require you to click before you can enter a page. The second set was a function being called from another function. The first functions were in the form of the window alert or pop-up box. The pop-up box actually called the 2 other boxes that were written into the function and put them into one new function.
Neat, huh?
The following is an example of strings as parameters.
VROOM VROOM!!!
The following is an example of a return statement.